[HTML][HTML] Pro-inflammatory cytokines and environmental stress cause p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by dual phosphorylation on tyrosine and …

J Raingeaud, S Gupta, JS Rogers, M Dickens… - Journal of Biological …, 1995 - ASBMB
Protein kinases activated by dual phosphorylation on Tyr and Thr (MAP kinases) can be
grouped into two major classes: ERK and JNK. The ERK group regulates multiple targets in
response to growth factors via a Ras-dependent mechanism. In contrast, JNK activates the
transcription factor c-Jun in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines and exposure of cells to
several forms of environmental stress. Recently, a novel mammalian protein kinase (p38)
that shares sequence similarity with mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases was identified …